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What is the introduction and features of 'C' language?

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Prepared by: Arakkal. M. Sebastian mailto:sebastianam@sabic.com http://www.geocities.com/sebynisha

INTRODUCTION TO 'C'

'C' is a general purpose programming language. It is also called middle level language. Because, it contains the feature of high level language and low level language.

HISTORY

'C' was designed by Dennis Ritchie. There was a language called 'BCPL' (Basic Combined Programming Language) Designed by Martin Ritchards. 'BCPL' was later modified by "Ken Thomson" and named as 'B'. Then 'B' was again modified by Dennies Ritche and named modified version as 'C'.

TURBO 'C'

Any high level language has to be translated to machine code. This job is done using either computer or interpreter.

Turbo C is a compiler that runs on IBM PC's. It is developed by "Borland International Corporation". Another well known compiler is Microsoft C developed by Microsoft Corporation.

FEATURES OF 'C'

FEW KEY WORDS

There are only 32 keywords in 'C' language. Keyword is a word that is assigned a predefined task in the language.

CASE SENSITIVE

'C' is a case sensitive. It means, capital letters are different from small letters. So VARIALBE 'A' is different from VARIABLE 'a'. Even keywords should always given in lower case.

RICH IN OPERATORS

'C' has more number of operators than other programming languages. An operator is a symbol that performs an operation like addition.

NO INPUT/OUTPUT

'C' doesn't provide any input/output facilities. There is no keyword to read from keyboard or file.

LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE

As 'C' was designed for system programming, It is very important for to provide the features of low level language which is normally used for system programming.

FUNCTION ORIENTAL

Everything in 'C' is done through a function program itself begins with a function called 'main'. Total program is written a collection of functions. There are around four hundred ready-maid functions supplied by 'TURBO C'. Apart from these functions, programmer can also write tailor-maid function or use defined functions.

STRUCTURED LANGUAGE

A structured language allows programmer to divide program into modules and provides all basic control structures like 'if' statement, for loops, while loops and switch statement etc.. 'C' is one of the structure language.

NO STRICT CHECKING

There is no strict data type checking. You can change the type of data from one-to-another as long as data types are compatible. You can convert an integer to a float and vise versa. That's why 'C' is called as weakly typed language.

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